IEA Section 115 — Estoppel

Chapter 8

Civil

Summary

If one person deliberately makes a statement, does something, or fails to do something that leads another person to believe a fact is true and to take action based on that belief, then the first person—or anyone representing them—cannot later, in any legal case between them, claim that the fact was false.

Official Text

When one person has, by his declaration, act or omission, intentionally caused or permitted another person to believe a thing to be true and to act upon such belief, neither he nor his representative shall be allowed, in any suit or proceeding between himself and such person or his representative, to deny the truth of that thing.

Related Judgments

  • R. S. MADANAPPA AND ORS. vs CHANDRAMMA AND ANR — Supreme Court of India (1965)
  • Laser Shaving (India) Private Limited vs Rkrm International Products — Bombay High Court (Mumbai Principal Seat) (2025)
  • Ashok Rajaram Pise & Anr. vs Sunil Bhujangrao Pise & Ors — Bombay High Court (Mumbai Principal Seat) (2018)
  • PRATIMA CHOWDHURY vs KALPANA MUKHERJEE & ANR — Supreme Court of India (2014)
  • GYARSI BAI AND OTHERS vs DHANSUKH LAL AND OTHERS — Supreme Court of India (1964)
  • CHHAGANLAL KESHAVLAL MEHTA vs PATEL NARANDAS HARIBHAI — Supreme Court of India (1981)

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