IPC Section 39 — Voluntarily

general explanations

General

Summary

A person causes an effect voluntarily if they bring it about through actions they intended to cause that effect, or through actions they knew or had reason to believe at the time were likely to cause it.

Official Text

A person is said to cause an effect “voluntarily” when he causes it by means whereby he intended to cause it, or by means which, at the time of employing those means, he knew or had reason to believe to be likely to cause it.

Related Judgments

  • SMT. NAGINDRA BALA MITRA AND ANOTHER vs SUNIL CHANDRA ROY AND ANOTHER — Supreme Court of India (1960)
  • The State of Maharashtra vs Nazir Javed Khan & Ors — Bombay High Court (Mumbai Principal Seat) (2019)
  • RAJINDER PRASAD vs BASHIR AND ORS — Supreme Court of India (2001)

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