IPC Section 39 — Voluntarily

general explanations

General

Summary

A person causes an effect voluntarily if they bring it about through actions they intended to cause that effect, or through actions they knew or had reason to believe at the time were likely to cause it.

Official Text

A person is said to cause an effect “voluntarily” when he causes it by means whereby he intended to cause it, or by means which, at the time of employing those means, he knew or had reason to believe to be likely to cause it.

Related Judgments

  • .. Petitioner/Accused No.1 vs 1. State (S.I. of Police), — Madras High Court (2013)
  • S.C.R. 979 HAZARA SINGH v. RAJ KUMAR AND ORS — Supreme Court of India (2013)
  • K.T.M.S. MOHD. AND ANR v. UNION OF INDIA APRIL 28, 19112 — Supreme Court of India (1992)
  • CRL A(MD)/376/2017 — Madras High Court ()
  • JASWANT SINGH v. STATE OF HARYANA APRIL 4, 2000 — Supreme Court of India (2000)
  • KAMIL v. STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH — Supreme Court of India (2018)
  • S.C.R. 851 851 BALU SUDAM KHALDE & ANR v. THE STATE OF MAHARASHTRA — Supreme Court of India (2023)
  • UPREME COURT REPORTS SMT. NAGINDRA BALA MITRA AND ANOTHER v. SUNIL CHANDRA ROY AND ANOTHER — Supreme Court of India (1960)

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